Hierbij wat info uit het amerikaanse taalgebied omtrent uitsluitcriteria tbv CWK-immobilisatie. Voor het hele artikel kan je het txt bestand downloaden.
""In conclusion:
No assessment criteria are absolute, but one study of 34,069 patients concluded that the accuracy of its assessment criteria would result in less than one missed injury for every 4,000 patients. 11 Another found that its assessment criteria, used in the prehospital setting, resulted in a reduction of spinal immobilization by 33 to 37 percent." 12
Implementation of a spinal assessment protocol requires careful consideration by the medical community of the EMS jurisdiction. Once a protocol is established, it must be followed with detailed training and ongoing quality assurance to make sure it's effective. In the end, such a tool empowers providers to use a proven assessment in determining who needs immobilization and in safely eliminating those who do not.
*MVC applies to crashes of all motorized vehicles: e.g. automobile, motorcycle, snowmobile, etc.
** Clearance of the spine requires the patient to be calm, cooperative, sober, and alert.
***Distracting injury includes any injury that produces clinically apparent pain that might distract the patient from the pain of a spine injury - pain would include medical as well as traumatic etiologies of pain.
This protocol may be used by MEMS licensees, at the AA level or above, who have successfully completed the MEMS Spine Injury Management Course.
References
• Domeier, R.M., " Indications for Prehospital Spinal Immobilization ," National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) Standards and Practice Committee Position Paper
• Hoffman, J.R., Mower, W.R., Wolfson. A.B., Todd. K.H., Zucker, M.I., " Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. NEXUS Group. " New England Journal of Medicine , 2000 July 13; 343 (2): 94-9
• Note: These criteria are represented in various studies referenced in the article. While they are not specifically modeled after the proposed 2002 revision of the Maine EMS standard, they are very similar. The term "reliable," as noted later in the article, is a term coined by Dr. Peter Goth.
• Patton, J.H., Kralovich, K.A., Cuschieri, J., Gasperri, M.; " Clearing the cervical spine in victims of blunt assault to the head and neck: what is necessary? " Am. Surg ., 2000 Apr; 66(4):326-30; discussion 330-1
• Burton , J., "Spinal Assessment Protocol, Maine EMS , 2002," Augusta , ME
• Goth, P., "Spine Injury; Clinical Criteria for Assessment and Management," 1994, Bristol , ME
• Goth, P., "Spine Injury; Clinical Criteria for Assessment and Management," 1994, Bristol , ME
• Goth, P., "Spine Injury; Clinical Criteria for Assessment and Management," 1994, Bristol , ME
• Domeier, R.M., " Indications for Prehospital Spinal Immobilization ," National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP) Standards and Practice Committee Position Paper
• Viccellio, P., Simon, H., Pressman, B.D., Shah, M.N., Mower, W.R., Hoffman, J.R., NEXUS Group, " A prospective multicenter study of cervical spine injury in children ," Pediatrics 2001 Aug; 108(2): E20
• Hoffman, J.R., Mower, W.R., Wolfson, A.B., Todd, K.H., Zucker, M.I., " Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. NEXUS Group ," New England Journal of Medicine , 2000 July 13; 343 (2): 94-9
• Muhr, M.D., Seabrook, D.L., Wittwer, L.K., " Paramedic use of a spinal injury clearance algorithm reduces spinal immobilization in the out-of-hospital setting ," Prehospital Emergency Care , 1999 Jan-Mar; 3(1): 1-6